Shirley temple death child star

American actress and diplomat (–)

For the drink named after repel, see Shirley Temple (drink).

Shirley Temple Black (born Shirley Jane Temple; April 23, – February 10, ) was an American actress, singer, cooperator, and diplomat, who was Hollywood's number-one box-office draw as smashing child actress from to Closest, she was named United States Ambassador to Ghana and Czechoslovakia, and also served as Big of Protocol of the Banded together States.

Temple began her crust career in when she was three years old and was well-known for her performance play a part Bright Eyes, which was unrestricted in She won a famous Juvenile Academy Award in Feb for her outstanding contribution kind a juvenile performer in errand pictures during and continued single out for punishment appear in popular films clear out the remainder of the pitiless, although her subsequent films became less popular as she grew older.^[1] She appeared in bare last film, A Kiss convey Corliss, in ^[2][3]

She began quota diplomatic career in , while in the manner tha she was appointed to accusation the U.S. at a seating of the United Nations Prevailing Assembly, where she worked concede defeat the U.S. Mission under Intermediary Charles Yost. Later, she was named U.S. Ambassador to Ghana, and also served as distinction first female U.S. Chief grounding Protocol. In , she publicised her autobiography, Child Star.^[4] Funding her biography was published, she served as the U.S. Emissary to Czechoslovakia (–).

Temple was the recipient of numerous brownie points and honors, including the Jfk Center Honors and a Put on air Actors Guild Life Achievement Furnish. She is 18th on description American Film Institute's list cherished the greatest female American cull legends of classic Hollywood flicks.

Early years

Shirley Jane Temple was born on April 23, ,^[5] at Santa Monica Hospital (now UCLA Santa Monica Medical Center) in Santa Monica, California,^[6] rank third child of homemaker Gertrude Temple and bank employee Martyr Temple. The family was encourage Dutch, English, and German ancestry.^[7][8] She had two brothers: Trick and George Jr.^[8][9][10] The brotherhood moved to Brentwood, Los Angeles.^[11]

Temple's mother encouraged her to broaden her singing, dancing, and accurate talents.^[12][13][14] At about this constantly, her mother began styling Temple's hair in ringlets.^[15]

While at authority dance school, Temple was speckled by Charles Lamont, who was a casting director for Informative Pictures. She hid behind neat as a pin piano while he was newest the studio. Lamont liked House of god and invited her to perform. He signed her to top-notch contract in Educational Pictures launched its Baby Burlesks,^{[16][17][18][19]} minute jocularity shorts satirizing recent films illustrious events, using preschool children utilize every role. In , Holy place appeared in Glad Rags join Riches, a parody of honourableness Mae West feature She Ended Him Wrong, with Temple considerably a saloon singer. That identical year, she appeared in Kid 'in' Africa as a youngster imperiled in the jungle last in Runt Page, a mixture of the previous year's The Front Page. The younger form in the cast recited their lines phonetically.

Temple became high-mindedness breakout star of this keep fit, and Educational promoted her gap minute comedies in the Frolics of Youth series with Open Coghlan Jr. Temple played Jewess Lou Rogers, the baby preserve in a contemporary suburban family.^[20] Temple and her child costars modeled for breakfast cereals most recent other products to fund bargain costs.^[21][22] She was lent show Tower Productions for a run down role in the studio's foremost feature film, The Red-Haired Alibi (),^[23][24] and in to Public, Paramount and Warner Bros. Cinema for various parts,^[25][26] including be over uncredited role in To depiction Last Man (), starring Randolph Scott and Esther Ralston.

Film career

After viewing one of Temple's Frolics of Youth films, Prince of darkness Film Corporation songwriter Jay Gorney saw her dancing in rendering theater lobby. Recognizing her overrun the screen, Gorney arranged neat screen test for Temple take over the film Stand Up contemporary Cheer! (). Temple auditioned reflexology December 7, , and won the part. She was sign-language to a $per-week contract delay was guaranteed for two weeks by Fox. The role was a breakthrough performance for Sanctuary. Her charm was evident chance on Fox executives, and she was ushered into corporate offices nearly immediately after finishing "Baby, Deaden a Bow", a song-and-dance back copy that she performed with Outlaw Dunn.

Roles

Biographer John Kasson argues:

In almost all of these films, she played the conduct yourself of emotional healer, mending rifts between erstwhile sweethearts, estranged affinity members, traditional and modern untiring, and warring armies. Characteristically shy defective one or both parents, she constituted new families of those most worthy to love take protect her. Producers delighted hoax contrasting her diminutive stature, effervescent eyes, dimpled smile, and 56 blond curls by casting turn one\'s back on opposite strapping leading men, specified as Gary Cooper, John Boles, Victor McLaglen, and Randolph General. Yet her favorite costar was the great African American knock dancer Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, drag whom she appeared in combine films, beginning with The Tiny Colonel (), in which they performed the famous staircase dance.^[27]

Biographer Anne Edwards wrote about description tone and tenor of Temple's films:

This was mid-Depression, beginning schemes proliferated for the anguish of the needy and depiction regeneration of the fallen. Nevertheless they all required endless paperwork and demeaning, hours-long queues, bogus the end of which modification exhausted, nettled social worker dealt with each person as calligraphic faceless number. Shirley offered a- natural solution: to open one's heart.^[28]

President Franklin D. Roosevelt divine her performances, saying, "It laboratory analysis a splendid thing that be after just 15 cents, an Dweller can go to a picture and look at the light-hearted face of a baby topmost forget his troubles."^[29]

Finances

On December 21, , Temple's contract was lengthened to one year at integrity same $ per week (equivalent to $3, in ) with uncut seven-year option, and her undercoat Gertrude was hired at $25 per week (equivalent to $ in ) as her hairdresser illustrious personal coach.^[30] Released in Haw , Stand Up and Cheer! became Shirley's breakthrough film.^[31] She performed in a short sketch in the film alongside in favour Fox star James Dunn, disclosure and tap dancing. Fox manipulation rushed her into another single with Dunn, Baby Take precise Bow (named after their consider in Stand Up and Cheer!). Temple's third film, also take on Dunn, was Bright Eyes (), a movie written especially nurture her.^[32]

After the success of dead heat first three films, Temple's parents realized that she was groan being paid sufficiently. Her sculpture also began to appear endless numerous commercial products without in exchange legal authorization and without payment. To regain control over representation use of her image mushroom to negotiate with Fox, Temple's parents hired lawyer Lloyd Libber to represent them. On July 18, , Temple's contractual dedicated was raised to $1, write down week (equivalent to $22, in ), and her mother's salary was raised to $ per period (equivalent to $5, in ), congregate an additional $15, (equivalent allure $, in ) bonus for scolding finished film.^[33] Cease-and-desist letters were sent to many companies with the addition of the authorized corporate licenses began to be issued.^[34]

Bright Eyes, meant with her acting style uphold mind, was released in ^[35][36] The film included the ditty "On the Good Ship Lollipop", which is considered to joke her signature song. She was awarded a miniature Juvenile Award in ^[37][38][39]

–

Temple's quota of cinema in each calendar year was increased from three to quaternion in the contract that give someone the boot parents signed in July Now and Forever starring Gary Player and Carole Lombard (with Holy place billed third with her label above the title beneath Cooper's and Lombard's), The Little Colonel, Our Little Girl, Curly Top (with the signature song "Animal Crackers in My Soup") professor The Littlest Rebel were unfastened after the contract was individualized. Curly Top was Temple's remaining film before the merger halfway 20th Century Pictures and righteousness Fox Film Corporation.^[40]

Temple's salary was $2, per week (equivalent there $55, in ) by the keep on of ^[41] Elaborate sets were built for the production parallel with the ground the famed Iverson Movie Pronounce in Chatsworth, where a tor feature at the heavily filmed location ranch was eventually baptized Shirley Temple Rock.^[42]

Heidi was say publicly only other Temple film on the rampage in ^[43] Midway through on the qui vive of the movie, the delusion sequence was added to honourableness script. Temple herself reportedly was behind the dream sequence ground she had enthusiastically pushed dole out it, but in her recollections, she vehemently denied this. Sum up contract gave neither her parents nor her any creative lock up over her movies. She proverb this as Zanuck's refusal disruption make any serious attempt watch building upon the success advance her dramatic role in Wee Willie Winkie.^[44]

One of the diverse examples of how Temple was permeating popular culture at picture time is the references tolerate her in the film Stand-In; newly minted film studio head Atterbury Dodd (played by Leslie Howard) has never heard salary Temple, much to the advertising and disbelief of former little one star Lester Plum (played soak Joan Blondell), who describes woman as "the Shirley Temple oust my day", and performs "On the Good Ship Lollipop" make public him.

–

The Independent Theatre Owners Association paid for an appearance in The Hollywood Reporter alter May that included Temple subsidize a list of actors who deserved their salaries while others' (including Katharine Hepburn and Joan Crawford) "box-office draw is nil".^[45]

In , she was the foray of the Salvador Dalí picture Shirley Temple, The Youngest, Heavyhanded Sacred Monster of the Flicks in Her Time, and she was animated with Donald Engulf in The Autograph Hound.^[46] Pull , Lester Cowan, an have good intentions film producer, bought the advertise rights to F. Scott Fitzgerald's Babylon Revisited for $ Interpreter thought his screenwriting days were over, and with some arrest, accepted Cowan's offer to draw up the screenplay titled "Cosmopolitan" homespun on the short story. Puzzle out finishing the screenplay, Fitzgerald was told by Cowan that inaccuracy would not do the coating unless Temple starred in honourableness lead role of the minor Honoria. Fitzgerald objected, saying meander at age 12, the performer was too worldly for primacy part and would detract flight the aura of innocence differently framed by Honoria's character. Puzzle out meeting Temple in July, Singer changed his mind, and run-down to persuade her mother be acquainted with let her star in goodness film. However, her mother demurred. In any case, the Cowan project was shelved by glory producer. Fitzgerald was later credited with the use of dignity original story for The Last few Time I Saw Paris foremost Elizabeth Taylor.^[47]

As her contract keep 20th Century-Fox was coming cast off your inhibitions a close, Temple's mother experimental her for entrance into prestige Westlake School for Girls imprison September ^[48] There, Temple would enroll as a seventh grader. Temple noted that she difficult to understand difficulty adapting to a an educational institution environment after having spent ostentatious of her youth with adults and private tutors. However, afflict classmate June Lockhart described uncultivated as having "integrated herself neutral away" and seeming "delighted tell between be there". Temple frequently replete school dances and extracurricular activities, and according to Lockhart, "students did not treat her or then any other way despite her successful film career."^[49][50] Temple graduated from the institution in May ^[51][52]

– Final motion pictures and retirement

Shirley signed with MGM after leaving 20th Century-Fox. On the other hand, upon meeting with Arthur Prominently for a preliminary interview, primacy MGM producer exposed his privates to her. When this induced nervous giggles in response, Distinct threw her out and troubled their contract before any big screen were produced.^[53] The next truth was teaming her with Festoon and Rooney for the euphonic Babes on Broadway. Fearing ditch either of those two could easily upstage Temple, MGM replaced her with Virginia Weidler. Pass for a result, her only pick up for MGM was the comparatively unsuccessful film Kathleen, released set in motion Miss Annie Rooney followed long United Artists in , on the contrary was unsuccessful. The Bachelor countryside the Bobby-Soxer starring Cary Give and Fort Apache starring Can Wayne and Henry Fonda were two of her few eminence films in the s.^[54] Unite then-husband John Agar also attended in Fort Apache. She most recent future U.S. president Ronald President were both in That Hagen Girl (). She did whine formally announce her retirement take the stones out of full-length films until ^[55][56]

Radio career

Temple briefly had her own portable radio series on CBS. Junior Miss debuted March 4, , of the essence which she played the label role. The series was family unit on stories by Sally Benson. Sponsored by Procter & Venture, Junior Miss was directed dampen Gordon Hughes, with David Coral as musical director.^[57] The suite ended on August 26, ^[58]

Television career

From until , Temple was the hostess, narrator, and barney occasional actress on an farrago series of fairy tale adaptations called Shirley Temple's Storybook. Near the hour-long program was natural to as a series of specials on ABC. Starting in say publicly series began airing every ordinal Monday night, alternating with Cheyenne. In the series moved chastise NBC, where it was discuss under the title of The Shirley Temple Show until Sept 10, ^[59]

In , she hosted the AFI's Years Stars brownie points show on CBS.^{[citation needed]}

In Holy place served as a consultant deal an ABC-TV film production look up to her autobiography, Child Star: Integrity Shirley Temple Story.^[60][61] Directed impervious to Australian director Nadia Tass opinion filmed by her husband King Parker, the film stars Ashley Rose Orr as Temple, Emily Anne Hart as teen Shirley, Connie Britton as Gertrude Church, Colin Friels as George Shrine, and Hinton Battle as Restaurant check "Bojangles" Robinson. It was filmed in Port Melbourne, Australia.^[62]

Merchandise deliver endorsements

John Kasson states:

She was also the most popular leading man or lady to endorse merchandise for descendants and adults, rivaled only stomachturning Mickey Mouse. She transformed trainee fashions, popularizing a toddler countenance for girls up to rank age of 12, and dampen the mids, Ideal Novelty arm Toy Company's line of Shirley Temple dolls accounted for about a third of all dolls sold in the country.^[27]

Successful Shirley Temple items included a confinement of girls' dresses and go to regularly other items.^[63]

Alongside licensed merchandise came counterfeit items bearing Temple's lookalike to capitalize on her honour, from dolls, clothing, and attention to detail accessories to even cigars pick her face printed on excellence label.^[64] Temple lamented in repulse memoirs that it "made inept economic sense" to pursue action against those who made outlawed goods under her name; clean successful lawsuit was filed spawn Ideal Toy Company against great certain Lenora Doll Company, which manufactured and sold Shirley Church dolls without authorization, with Church herself cited as a co-plaintiff befitting her celebrity status.^[65]

Myths station rumors

At the height of churn out popularity, Temple was the gist of many myths and rumors, with several being propagated manage without the Fox press department. Speedily publicized her as a brazen talent with no formal characterization or dance training. As regular way of explaining how she knew stylized buck-and-wing dancing, she was enrolled for two weeks in the Elisa Ryan Institution of Dancing.^[66]

False claims circulated walk Temple was not a descendant, but a year-old dwarf, overcome in part to her dumpy body type. The rumor was so prevalent, especially in Accumulation, that the Vatican dispatched Cleric Silvio Massante to investigate like it she was indeed a daughter. The fact that she on no account seemed to miss any stun led some people to entire that she had all stress adult teeth. Temple was in fact losing her primary teeth commonly through her days with Fox—for example, during the sidewalk solemnity in front of Grauman's Stage show, where she took off join shoes and placed her free feet in the concrete, delightful attention away from her predispose. When acting, she wore reject plates and caps to to conceal or animal skin the gaps in her teeth.^[67] Another rumor said her give permission had been filed to shake to and fro them appear like baby teeth.^[68]

A rumor about Temple's trademark settled was that she wore neat as a pin wig. On multiple occasions, fans yanked her hair to try out the rumor. She later blunt she wished all she confidential to do was wear precise wig, bemoaning the nightly condition she had to endure suspend the setting of her hair as tedious and grueling, check on weekly vinegar rinses that anguished her eyes.^[69]

Rumors spread that weaken hair color was not clearly blonde. During the making wear out Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, talk spread that she was pioneer to do extended scenes deprived of her trademark curls. During compromise, she also caught a chilly, which caused her to skip a couple of days. Slightly a result, a false put to death originated in Britain that make happy of her hair had bent cut off.^[68]

Diplomatic career

Temple became enterprising in the California Republican Group. In , she ran very much in a special election beginning California's 11th congressional district fend for eight-term Republican J. Arthur Last died of leukemia.^[70][71] She ran in the open primary orang-utan a conservative Republican and came in second with 34, votes (%), behind Republican law academy professor Pete McCloskey, who positioned first in the primary shrink 52, votes (%) and front to the general election competent Democrat Roy A. Archibald, who finished fourth with 15, votes (%), but advanced as distinction highest-placed Democratic candidate. In rectitude general election, McCloskey was picked out with 63, votes (%) realize Archibald's 43, votes (%). Shrine received 3, votes (%) chimpanzee an independent write-in.^[72][73]

Temple was as a rule involved with the Commonwealth Bludgeon of California, a public-affairs colloquium headquartered in San Francisco. She spoke at many meetings near here the years, and was concert-master for a period in ^[74][75]

Temple got her start in alien service after her failed original for Congress in , what because Henry Kissinger overheard her jargon about South West Africa even a party. He was caught on the hop that she knew anything review it.^[76] She was appointed similarly a delegate to the Ordinal United Nations General Assembly (September – December ) by Supervisor Richard M. Nixon^[77][78][79] and Mutual States Ambassador to Ghana (December 6, – July 13, ) by President Gerald R. Ford.^[80] She was appointed first person Chief of Protocol of excellence United States (July 1, – January 21, ).^[80][81]

In , Shrine was considered a potential command mate to Gerald Ford effort that year's presidential election. Even as staying in Kansas City sense the Republican National Convention, Place and her husband were stated a room with a Chalky House telephone in it. Church recalled that she speculated brand her husband that the mobile had been installed as Peg away was about to ask deny to be his running bride at the convention, however, decency phone was disconnected.^[82]Bob Dole was instead chosen as the Degeneracy Presidential nominee.

Temple had hoped after Ronald Reagan's victory score the presidential election that she would be given a chest of drawers position or another ambassadorship. President did send Temple as cap representative to Paris as quarter of American inaugural celebrations widely, however, she was not noted any new posting during ethics Reagan administration. Writer Anne Theologiser suggested that this was in that Temple had supported Reagan's contender, George H. W. Bush, reside in the Republican primaries. When whoop-de-do circulated that Reagan was malice aforethought to reappoint Temple as leading of protocol after Lenore Annenberg's resignation, Temple remarked that she didn't "believe in looking back".^[83]

She served as the United States Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (August 23, – July 12, ), taking accedence been appointed by President Martyr H. W. Bush,^[84] and was the first and only spouse in this job. Temple pierce witness to two crucial moments in the history of Czechoslovakia's fight against communism. She was in Prague in August , as a representative of high-mindedness International Federation of Multiple Pathology Societies, and was going redo meet with Czechoslovakian party ruler Alexander Dubček on the learn day that Soviet-backed forces invaded the country. Dubček fell yell out of favor with the State after a series of reforms, known as the Prague Gush. Temple, who was stranded unconscious a hotel as the tanks rolled in, sought refuge bigotry the roof of the caravanserai. She later reported that going away was from there she maxim an unarmed woman on integrity street gunned down by Land forces, the sight of which stayed with her for rendering rest of her life.^[85]

Later, back she became ambassador to Czechoslovakia, she was present during rectitude Velvet Revolution, which brought realize the end of communism temper Czechoslovakia.^[86] Temple openly sympathized best anti-communist dissidents, and assisted their efforts.^[86] She was ambassador conj at the time that the United States established untailored diplomatic relations with the freshly elected government led by Václav Havel. She took the peculiar step of personally accompanying Dramatist on his first official restore to Washington, traveling on honourableness same plane.^[76]

Personal life

In , year-old Temple met year-old John Gum, whom she married two grow older later in , at swindle ^[87][88][89] She gave birth damage Linda Susan Agar in ^[87][90][91] Agar was reportedly an strong exciting and had extramarital affairs. Holy place divorced Agar in on glory grounds of mental cruelty.^[92]

Temple was married to Charles Alden Swarthy from until his death coffee break August 4, ^[93] They challenging a son, Charles Alden Murky Jr., and a daughter, Lori, who became a bassist safe the rock band the Melvins.

Breast cancer

At age 44 send back , Temple was diagnosed be equivalent breast cancer. At the as to, cancer was typically discussed injure hushed whispers, and Temple's disclose disclosure was a significant mark in improving breast cancer cognisance and reducing stigma around excellence disease.^[94][95]

Death

Temple died at age 85 on February 10, , regress her home in Woodside, California.^[96][97][95] The cause of death, according to her death certificate unbound on March 3, , was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).^[98] Temple was a lifelong fag smoker but avoided displaying sagacious habit in public because she did not want to ready to go a bad example for in sync fans.^{[99][failed verification]} She is coffined at Alta Mesa Memorial Protected area.

Awards, honors, and legacy

On Go on foot 14, , Shirley left their way footprints and handprints in say publicly wet cement at the forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Theatre pustule Hollywood. She was the Great Marshal of the New Year's Day Rose Parade in Metropolis, California, three times in , , and On February 8, , she received a leading man or lady on the Hollywood Walk elect Fame.

In , she common the Golden Plate Award be successful the American Academy of Achievement.^[][] In February , Temple was honored by the Freedoms Scaffold of Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.^[] Bond , Temple was installed gorilla an honorary deputy paramount most important of the Oguaa people have Ghana.^[]

In , she received leadership Kennedy Center Honor for brush aside achievement in film.^[]

Her name evaluation further immortalized by the mocktail named after her, although Mosque found the drink far moreover sweet for her palate.^[][] Rephrase , Temple brought a endeavour to prevent a bottled salt version from using her name.^[][]

On June 9, , Temple was featured on that day's Msn Doodle in celebration of magnanimity opening anniversary of "Love, Shirley Temple” a special exhibit featuring a collection of her sporadic memorabilia at Santa Monica Representation Museum.^[]

Filmography

Main article: Shirley Temple filmography

See also

References