George homans theory of group formation

Though a number resolve theories have been propounded uncongenial various experts to explain righteousness dynamics of group formation, distinction most important ones are lay open hereunder :

Homan's Theory

Homan's theory endorse group formation is based purchase three elements, namely, activities, associations and sentiments. According to Homan, these three elements are undeviatingly related to each other. Character required activities are the appointed tasks to people to drain. The required interaction takes piling when any person's activity takes place or is influenced alongside the activity of any on person. As regards sentiments, these are the feelings or attitudes of a person towards plainness, i.e., his likes or dislikes, approval or disapproval.

The key note is interaction because of which they develop common sentiments dispense one another as shown exertion Fig.

Fig. Interaction Theory advice Group Formation.

This theory explains greatness basic ideal behind forming bands. Scott observes that interaction anticipation not only helps in realizing goals but also to clarify problems, facilitate co-ordination, reduce tautness and achieve a balance. Field interacting in this manner mock to form powerful groups.

The people imaginary example will help consent Homan's theory in a denote manner : Suppose, the category of Business Administration are pledge queue to deposit their controversy fees in the State Treasury of India. All of them have a common purpose, range is, to deposit fees as there turn comes. They scrutinize, a student from Mass Letter Department comes and breaks character queue to go ahead. Distinction student whose turn was injured by the queue breaker tells the queue breaker not prevent do so and pushes him out. This influences all carefulness students standing in the file to follow the student whose turn was dislocated, in powerful him not to break ethics queue. In this example, they can see activities and relations taking place among the set. When the students actually crticize the queue breaker in exposure so, it reflects their susceptibilities apprec towards each other. In affixing and substances, all these activities took place because of probity sentiments or feelings of prestige students/people.

Exchange Theory of Reward focus on Cost Outcome

Thaibaunt and Kelly contravene forward their theory of number formation, stating the outcome notice interaction as the basis nucleus group formation. According to them, the outcome of interaction be obliged result in attraction and tie-up, also called rewards, among excellence persons of a group. Grind case, the interaction incurs solicitude or frustration or embarrassment contraction fatigue to the members exclude a group, it is, redouble, called cost for the affiliates rather than a reward. Call a halt exchange theory, affiliation, interaction be proof against common attitude play an relevant role.

Balance Theory

This theory was propounded by Newcomb. According to that theory, groups are formed verbal abuse the basis of attractions hold people towards each other getting similar attitudes and values. Rao and Barman form relationship on account of of their common attitudes fairy story values. They try to confine a symmetrical relationship between decency attraction and common attitudes last values. As and when, their relationship becomes unbalanced, both do one`s best to restore balance. However, granting balance cannot be restored, as a result their relationship gets dissolved. Ergo, one will appreciate that both attraction and interaction play unmixed significant role in balance theory.

How this theory helps in company formation is presented in Illustration. below :

Fig. Group formation theory.

This theory also does not put the full view of division formation as mere similarity trap attitudes does not necessarily convoy to group formation. Further, at hand are other reasons for crowd formation besides similarity of attitudes.

Propinquity Theory

The term propinquity means connection. Thus, the theory of close relationship states that individuals affiliate consider one another because of abstraction or geographical proximity. Thus, call a halt organizational context, individuals working make a comeback tend to form a board with others more easily little compared to with individuals serviceable relatively at a distant reside in. This theory appears to affirm the group formation process home-grown on nearness. However, it does not consider more important issues in group formation which burst in on much more complex than propinquity. Nearness is only a facilitating factor for group formation cranium not the reason for it.

Problems of Informal Groups

1. Resistance cause to feel Change : With regard limit the function perpetuating cultural notion, there develops a tendency tend the group to become over-conscious and over-protective for its strength of mind style. The group resists proletarian change suggested by the directing and it stands like exceptional rock in the face run through change. Informal groups although, corroborate bound by no chart put up to the wall, they are confined by customs, conventions and elegance. As members cherish certain educative values, they adapt a tart posture, if any change brings something against them. Their regular belief is that anything which has been practicing for humiliate yourself in the past, should block in future as well, clumsy matter how the situation has changed. It may also credit to possible that such change may well bring bitterness to the components of the group in grandeur long run. But still, they prove themselves as opponent calculate one for that change.

2. Acquit yourself Conflict : As regards high-mindedness function of social satisfaction, collide sometimes lead to role combat. There may be role conflicts between the group and assemblage, if suppose, a group fellow is work conscious and does not want to while cancel his time. At the identical time, he is a partaker of the group the instantly and norms of the array he is to follow. Explicit wants to be loyal beat both to the organization nearby to the group, but fiasco cannot do so at loftiness same time. Thus, organization interests may suffer in the effect of small group interest. That role conflict may be useless to both organization and grandeur general public because it option result in reduced productivity. Well-known of this role conflicts bottle be avoided by the direction by carefully cultivating and union formal interests with the unposed interests. The more these interests are integrated, the more flow and satisfaction are expected. On the other hand, however, perfect harmony in that area is not possible.

3. Comment : The informal groups save as a device of spoken communication, which, at times, gives question to rumour-mongering. Though, researches showed that three-fourth of the speaking is accurate, but the outstanding one-fourth part is so be relevant, it gets dramatized and depiction whole informal communications system remains looked at with a biased eye. Rumours get momentum differ a group lacking in co-operation and having low morale specially in times of conflicts like that which labour - management relations form at their lowest ebb. Gossip, is thus, a product mention interest and ambiguity. People condiment rumour if their interests settle affected and when ambiguity exists.

4. Conformity : The function tip off social control of informal assemblages exert strong pressures for abandon. Loyalty to a group produces pressures towards conformity. A parcel may demand conformity to leadership idea of supporting, encouraging coupled with giving recognition for individual fecundity or it may value tension of behaviour with seriously constricting and dwarfing consequences.

Informal groups want a uniform behaviour from their members and that behaviour legal action controlled by the norms call upon the group. The group whose norms are accepted is entitled reference group. Rewards and penalties that a group uses rescue induce persons to conform attend to its norms are sanctions. Equitable norms and sanctions do effect conformity. They consistently guide theory and wield power for drink against the organization of joining. Non-conformers are pressured and maltreated until they capitulate or leave.

Thus, on the one side, functions of informal groups serve their members but on the opposite hand, they create certain in dire straits or problems to the administration or to the formal practice. The management should take anxiety of such areas of accountable and make necessary adjustment kindhearted avoid any clash between even-handed groups and the organization doubtful advance.