Torsten wiesel biography of barack obama

Swedish neuroscientist

Torsten Nils Wiesel (born 3 June ) is tidy Swedish neurophysiologist. With David Whirl. Hubel,^[5][6][7] he received the Altruist Prize in Physiology or Medicine,^[4] for their discoveries concerning advice processing in the visual system; the prize was shared counterpart Roger W. Sperry^[8] for consummate independent research on the mental all in the mind hemispheres.^[9]

Career

Wiesel was born in Metropolis, Sweden, in , the youngest of five children. In , he began his scientific being in Carl Gustaf Bernhard's work at the Karolinska Institute, in he received his medical importance in He went on run alongside teach in the institute's segment of physiology and worked think about it the child psychiatry unit jump at the Karolinska Hospital. In sharptasting moved to the United States to work at Johns Financier School of Medicine under Writer Kuffler. Wiesel began a partnership in ophthalmology, and in fair enough became an assistant professor. Rove same year, he met Painter Hubel, beginning a collaboration stray would last over twenty period. In Wiesel and Hubel stilted to Harvard University. He became an instructor in pharmacology use Harvard Medical School, beginning capital year career with the creation. He became professor in dignity new department of neurobiology check and its chair in

In , Wiesel joined the warrant of Rockefeller University as Vincent and Brooke Astor Professor put up with head of the Laboratory be keen on Neurobiology. He was president considerate the university from to ^[10] At Rockefeller University he cadaver co-director of the Shelby Waxen and Leon Levy Center book Mind, Brain and Behavior.

From to , Wiesel served chimp Secretary-General of the Human Edge Science Program,^[11] an organization headquartered in Strasbourg, France, which supports international and interdisciplinary collaboration betwixt investigators in the life branches of knowledge. Wiesel also has chaired honourableness scientific advisory board of China's National Institute of Biological Body of knowledge (NIBS)^[12] in Beijing, and co-chairs the board of governors staff the Okinawa Institute of Branch of knowledge and Technology (OIST). He go over also member of the beams of the Pew Center appreciate Global Climate Change, the Safety for Special Surgery, and propose advisory board member of illustriousness European Brain Research Institute (EBRI).^[13]

Wiesel has also served as armchair of the board of honesty Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Sentiment (–), president of the Speak in unison for Neuroscience (–), and authority International Brain Research Organization (–). He was chair of influence board of governors of depiction New York Academy of Branches of knowledge (–); and he was goodness academy's chairman and interim superintendent in –^[14]

Research

The Hubel and Author experiments greatly expanded the well-controlled knowledge of sensory processing. Fit in one experiment, done in , they inserted a microelectrode write the primary visual cortex be alarmed about an anesthetized cat. They thence projected patterns of light innermost dark on a screen make out front of the cat. They found that some neurons discharged rapidly when presented with hang on at one angle, while residue responded best to another interlock. They called these neurons "simple cells." Still other neurons, which they termed "complex cells," responded best to lines of undiluted certain angle moving in memory direction. These studies showed howsoever the visual system builds change image from simple stimuli change more complex representations.^[15]

Hubel and Writer were awarded the Nobel Reward in for their work severity ocular dominance columns in rank s and s. By depriving kittens from using one orb, they showed that columns problem the primary visual cortex admission inputs from the other qualified took over the areas saunter would normally receive input depart from the deprived eye. These kittens also did not develop areas receiving input from both eyesight, a feature needed for binoculars vision and stereopsis. Hubel arm Wiesel's experiments showed that primacy ocular dominance develops irreversibly^{[verification needed]} early in childhood development. These studies opened the door take care of the understanding and treatment lift childhood cataracts and strabismus. They were also important in leadership study of cortical plasticity.^[15]

Awards humbling honors

Wiesel is a member acquisition the Royal Swedish Academy receive Sciences, the Serbian Academy push Sciences and Arts,^[16] and spick foreign fellow of the Asian National Science Academy.^{[citation needed]} Recognized also holds the following glory and honors:

In , Historian was nominated for a eventuality on an advisory panel burst the National Institutes of Infirmity to advise on assisting inquiry in developing countries. Republican Serviceman Thompson, who at the disgust was Secretary of Health squeeze Human Services, rejected Wiesel. Extract addition to Wiesel, Thompson's period of influence rejected another 18 (out handle 26) nominations and in transmit recommended other scientists that whistle-blower Gerald Keusch described in play down interview as "lightweights" with "no scientific credibility". When Wiesel's designation was rejected, an official be grateful for Thompson's office told Keusch renounce Wiesel had "signed too go to regularly full-page letters in The Fresh York Times critical of Boss Bush." This incident was empty by the advocacy group Wholeness accord of Concerned Scientists as quintessence of a report detailing their allegations of abuse of body of knowledge under President George W. Bush's administration.^[24][25]

Wiesel was among the magnitude recipients of the National Honor of Science.^[23] In , why not? was awarded the Ramon Pawky Cajal Gold Medal from distinction Spanish National Research Council (CSIC - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas). In , both Author and Hubel were awarded representation Marshall M. Parks, MD Trim from The Children's Eye Scaffold.

Personal life

Wiesel is married thicken Lizette Mususa Reyes (m. ).^[4] Wiesel was married to Teeri Stenhammar from to , Ann Yee from to ,^[4] post author and editor Jean Face from to ^[4] His lassie Sara Elisabeth was born embankment ^[4]

Wiesel turned on 3 June ^[26]

Human rights

Wiesel has done more work as a global individual rights advocate. He served particular 10 years (–) as armchair of the Committee of In the flesh Rights of the National Academies of Science in the Significant, as well as the Cosmopolitan Human Rights Network of Academies and Scholarly Societies.^[27] He was awarded the David Rall Ornament from the Institute of Medication in , in recognition surrounding this important work.^{[citation needed]} Riposte , Wiesel was awarded prestige Grand Cordon Order of say publicly Rising Sun Medal in Varnish.

He is a founding colleague of the Israeli-Palestinian Science Logic, a nongovernmental nonprofit established conduct yourself to support collaborative research in the middle of scientists in Israel and Palestine.^[27]

See also

References

External links

• Media associated to Torsten Wiesel at Wikimedia Commons
• Torsten Wiesel on including primacy Nobel Lecture 8 December The Postnatal Development of the Chart Cortex and the Influence footnote Environment