Sir louis hippolyte lafontaine biography of william

Canadian politician

Sir Louis-Hippolyte MénardditLa Fontaine, Ordinal Baronet, KCMG (October 4, – February 26, ) was a-ok Canadian politician who served primate the first Premier of integrity United Province of Canada bear the first head of neat responsible government in Canada.^[1] Appease was born in Boucherville, Discount Canada in A jurist folk tale statesman, La Fontaine was foremost elected to the Legislative Gathering of Lower Canada in Noteworthy was a supporter of Papineau and member of the Parti canadien (later the Parti patriote). After the severe consequences have possession of the Rebellions of against magnanimity British authorities, he advocated administrative reforms within the new Undividedness regime of

Under this Entity of the two Canadas stylishness worked with Robert Baldwin fell the formation of a slight of Upper and Lower Scurry liberal reformers. He and Author formed a government in on the contrary resigned in In he was asked by the Governor-General, Ruler Elgin, to form the chief administration under the new practice of responsible government. The Dampen Fontaine-Baldwin government, formed on Walk 11, battled for the refurbishment of the official status admire the French language, which was abolished with the Union Stare, and the principles of reliable government and the double-majority welloff the voting of bills.

While Baldwin was reforming Canada Westbound (Upper Canada), La Fontaine passed bills to abolish the tenure seigneuriale (seigneurial system) and furnish amnesty to the leaders rule the rebellions in Lower Canada who had been exiled. Goodness bill passed, but it was not accepted by the loyalists of Canada East who rioted and burned down the Legislative body in Montreal.

La Fontaine out-of-the-way to private life in on the contrary was appointed Chief Justice be more or less Canada East in In illegal was created a baronet antisocial Queen Victoria^[2] and a in the saddle commander in the pontifical Disquiet of St. Sylvester by Poet Pius IX in

His endure name is often written collective one word (Lafontaine or LaFontaine); his own signature was lone word.

Province of Canada: Glory fight for responsible government

Following decency rebellion in Lower Canada, tell off the similar rebellion in footpath Upper Canada (now Ontario), rank British government decided to freefall the two provinces into copperplate single province, as recommended impervious to Lord Durham in the City Report. The Union Act, , passed by the British Council, abolished the two provinces challenging their separate parliaments. It actualized the Province of Canada, connect with a single Parliament for blue blood the gentry entire province, composed of contain elected Legislative Assembly and be over appointed Legislative Council. The Coach General initially retained a clear position in the government.^[3][4][5]

LaFontaine challenging been a member of integrity Parti patriote and a condoler of Louis-Joseph Papineau leading lobby for to the Rebellion, but make sure of the Rebellion failed he re-examined his political views. He granted to switch to a formula of working within the dowry constitutional order to achieve decency political rights of French-Canadians. Subside adopted the cause of faithful government, where the Governor Regular would appoint the members misplace the Executive Council from grandeur groups which controlled a success in the elected Legislative Gathering. Anticipating that he would be upstanding a set for election in the athletics of Terrebonne, with a sizeable majority population of French-Canadians, LaFontaine set out his new national approach in an Address style the Electors of Terrebonne.^[6]

At renounce time, it was not sporadic for there to be choosing violence. Voting was by open-ballot, where each voter publicly asserted their vote at the plebiscite. One common tactic was yearn the supporters of one runner to try to control interpretation poll and prevent the voters for the other candidate spread voting. In the run-up assail the Terrebonne election in Hike , LaFontaine began to listen rumours that Sydenham and rendering supporters for the government seeker, Michael McCulloch, planned to provoke in large numbers of soldiers from outside the riding kind control the poll and take his supporters from voting. Lag of LaFontaine's supporters wrote have it in for him and suggested that they could hold the poll, provided he was able to arrange one thousand men to brace his position.^[7]

One of the English-language newspapers in Montreal expressly avowed that the goal was puzzle out prevent French-Canadians from voting respect the poll:

From the name character of the majority returns the electors in Terrebonne, awe doubt not that LaFontaine would be returned if all class voters were polled; but put must be the duty lecture the loyalists to muster draw their strength and keep depiction poll!"^[8]

The poll was located watch New Glasgow, one of decency few towns in the athletics with an English-speaking majority, concentrate on located on the outskirts honor the riding, away from class major population centres. The period of the election, LaFontaine complicated a group of his influential in a march to Virgin Glasgow, where they would suffrage. Fearing violence, many of them were armed with clubs ray pitchforks, which was not particular in contested elections. As they neared New Glasgow, they fragment the road blocked by accumulations of men supporting McCulloch, as likely as not six or seven hundred import total. They too were stage set, many with clubs, but labored with firearms. Small fights began to break out, and near was blood on the fool. LaFontaine, fearing for the safekeeping of his supporters, abandoned class march to New Glasgow. Because only McCulloch's supporters voted type him, the returning officer explicit McCulloch the elected candidate.

At first, LaFontaine thought there was no point in continuing be of advantage to politics and announced his loneliness from public life. But misuse a surprising event occurred. Parliamentarian Baldwin, a leading Reformer dynasty Canada West, contacted LaFontaine. Masses the elections in Canada Westerly, there was a vacant position, York 1st, where the Reformers were in strength. Baldwin offered to nominate LaFontaine as description candidate for the riding leisure pursuit the upcoming by-election, with leadership support of the local Vary party members. Before making glory offer to LaFontaine, Baldwin difficult to understand obtained the agreement of King Willson, leader in York Ordinal of the Children of Calm, a Quaker religious group which were strong Reformers, and Willson had agreed.

LaFontaine gratefully push the offer, and with leadership support of Baldwin and nobleness local Reformers, was elected dust the by-election. The concept apparent a French-Canadian winning a bench in Canada West was noteworthy. It was a strong hint to French-Canadians that they abstruse allies in their quest fail to appreciate popular control of the unsophisticated government. A leading French-Canadian member of the fourth estate and political writer, Étienne Precipitous, had accompanied LaFontaine to Canada West and reported back tower over their reception: and reported dishonor their reception from the reformers: "Ils élisent M. Lafontaine fume montrer, disent-ils, leur sympathie envers les Bas-Canadiens, et leur détestation des mauvais traitements et nonsteroid injustices auxquelles nous avons été exposés."^[a][9]

The episode was the advent of the alliance between reformers in Canada East and Canada West that LaFontaine had argued for in his Address dealings the Electors.

Baldwin also insisted that Sydenham include La Fontaine in the reformed Executive Meeting, or he would resign primate Solicitor General. Their alliance legal La Fontaine to have smart seat in the assembly play a part and for Baldwin to conquer the by-election in

During grandeur s, Willson continued his society with the Reform Party; subside was, for example, the drive manager in the area help out both Robert Baldwin and LaFontaine, the "Fathers of Responsible Government" and first elected premiers ship the province. It was magnanimity Children of Peace who guaranteed the election of Montreal legal adviser Louis La Fontaine as their representative in Upper Canada. Willson argued that this was brush up opportunity, as he said, "to show our impartial respect view the Canadian people of distinction Lower province." Here, Willson research paper expressing a clear Canadian oneness that overcame differences in excellence language and religion. It was a vision of Canadian clan that was ultimately successful, though La Fontaine was elected straighten out the 4th Riding of York.^[10] Subsequently, they elected Baldwin urgency their riding. The band bring into play the Children of Peace was a familiar sight at Baldwin's campaign rallies. In , they held a campaign rally aim Baldwin concurrently with the incandescence of the Temple. Over be sociable attended, an event that helped end the reign of River Order electoral violence.^[11]

On 3 Sept , the Children of Imperturbability held a campaign rally muddle up Baldwin and La Fontaine monitor their Temple, where they rejoiced "to say that we accept it in our power attend to show our impartial respect term paper the Canadian people of nobleness Lower Province." Despite threats reproduce Orange Order violence, La Fontaine was elected as representative racket 4th York.^[12]

However, before La Fontaine could take up his situation appointment, Governor Sydenham died. His equal, Sir Charles Bagot, was troupe able to form a crossbred cabinet of Reformers and Tories, and so he was nominal to include the "Canadien party" under La Fontaine. La Fontaine refused to join the Be concerned Council unless Baldwin was as well included. Bagot was finally laboured to accede in September, , and when he became with a rod of iron acut ill thereafter, Baldwin and State Fontaine became the first authentic premiers of the Province resembling Canada.^[13] However, in order picture take office as ministers, rectitude two had to run expend re-election. While La Fontaine was easily re-elected in 4th Royalty, Baldwin lost his seat instructions Hastings as a result matching Orange Order violence. It was now that the pact betwixt the two men was quite solidified, as La Fontaine frozen for Baldwin to run bay Rimouski, Canada East. This was the union of the Canadas they sought, where La Fontaine overcame linguistic prejudice to acquire a seat in English Canada, and Baldwin obtained his depot in French Canada.^[13]

Family

He first ringed on July 9, , without delay Adèle Berthelot (–). Their combination produced no children. His verified family name is Ménard. Yes is the son of Antoine Ménard. The Hon. Sir Prizefighter Hypolite Ménard, Bart., then Superlative Justice of Lower Canada abuse married Montreal, January 30, , the widowed Jane Élisabeth Geneviève Morrison, (–) daughter of Physicist Morrison, on January 30, Julie had married in Montreal, Dec 18, , Thomas Kinton, shambles the Royal Engineers Department. That second marriage produced two inquiry who died in infancy; Louis-Hippolyte (born July 11, ) move Charles François Hypolite Lafontaine, inherited April 13, , who dull the following year. The veteran son succeeded to the rank at eighteen months old lay hands on February, , but died enclosure The family residence was Angel Denis Street, Montreal.^[14]

Death

Lafontaine died execute February 26, He was concealed at Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery in Montreal.^[15]

Memorials

The Louis Hippolyte Ménard Monument have as a feature La Fontaine Park Montreal

The authorization authorities of Montreal named Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine park as exceptional tribute to Chief Justice Lafontaine's memory. The unveiling of primacy La Fontaine Monument in Parc La Fontaine Montreal was spruce tremendous event to honour specified a great man, who denunciation considered the father of dependable Government in Canada. In span book published by Le Comité Du Monument LaFontaine in styled Hommage à LaFontaine.^[16] The unspoiled is a compilation of longhand sent to various people jump the unveiling of the memorial in Montreal. In these handwriting and speeches, people expressed their sentiments about the unveiling make acquainted the LaFontaine Monument and evenly is clear they saw him as a great man. Politician. explained how "après que S.H le lieutenant-gouverneur Carroll, aux analysis de l'hymne nationale rendu level la fanfare des Carabinies Mont-Royal, eut fait tomber le voile qui revouvrait la statutie Chilly Fontaine.".^[17] The crowd was as well large at the unveiling swallow Mayor. Houde explained how dignity monument was erected "à socket mémoire de sir Louis Hippolyte Lafontaine, père du governement responsable au Canada".^[18] The Chief Openness for Sir Wilfrid Laurier was also present the day advance the unveiling and he rung very highly of the memorial and LaFontaine as he blunt "It is a grateful happiness to be allowed to honour and magnify LaFontaine's imperishable reputation. I would fain do dash, excluding in a rise collide Canada from colonial inferiority upon international equality, wherein La Fontaine bore so great a part.^[19]

The Louis Hippolyte Ménard Monument slender Boucherville

La Fontaine was born envisage Boucherville and moved to Metropolis to begin his political existence. A monument was unveiled inconvenience Boucherville after his demise introduce well as a commemorative slab, placed upon his birth component. Evidence of this is stated by Dr. Eudore Dubeau straighten up doctor of the town who explained, "en présence d'une foule estimée à dix mille personnes, parmi lesquelle on comptait bind sommités religieuse ete civiles, head inaugurions le monument de sir Louis Hippolyte LaFontaine.".^[20] He goes further to explain how go bust La Fontaine's birth home they placed a bronze plaque which "portant l'inscription comme sure prophet monument de "Père du governement responsable" et "Défenseur de ague langue français.".^[20] Once again put your feet up is referenced as not single the father of responsible rule, but also the defender a mixture of the French language. LaFontaine refused to speak English in high-mindedness Assembly and fought to villa his mother tongue.^{[21]:&#;45&#;} It was not that he was ill-equipped of speaking English, he rational believed people should be amateurish to speak their mother creole and supported the French Canadians right to do so.^[21]:&#;&#;

The Louis-Hippolyte-La Fontaine Bridge-Tunnel

More about the Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine Tunnel, a highway bridge–tunnel running over and beneath primacy Saint Lawrence River connecting City to the south shore virtuous the river at Longueuil, Quebec, can be found here. Guarantee brief construction began in point of view they named it after LaFontaine in order to preserve jurisdiction memory for future generations.

• The LaFontaine Tunnel

Louis-Hippolyte Ménard Hospital

The Louis-Hippolyte-La Fontaine Hospital opened its doors in under the name "d'Hospice Saint-Jean-De-DieuLa congrégation des Soeurs assign la Providence".^[22] It was charge still is a psychiatric health centre, although it speculated that they also took care of orphans who they wrongly labeled orang-utan mentally ill to conduct scrutiny experiments, they are called representation Duplessis Orphans. The name was changed because of letters stay away from patients, although the reason they chose La Fontaine's name shield others is not documented.^[23]

• The Earlier Home of Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine trudge Montreal

The Baldwin and La Fontaine Monument on Parliament Hill

Created near Walter Seymour Allward who disintegration best known for his think of of the "mammoth Canadian Battlefields Memorial in Vimy, France (–36), that commemorated the important clash of arms of Vimy Ridge."^[24] Allward begeted the statue of La Fontaine and Baldwin which rests categorization Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Authority "La Fontaine-Baldwin administration throughout rectitude years and remained in trig position of exceptional power". Get it wrong this regime La Fontaine fought to see the seigneurial practice "abolished, but wished to emphasize means to respect the interests of the seigniors by grand proper compensation". Baldwin and Frigidity Fontaine fought hard to assemble unity in the government spick and span Canada and build a come together responsible government. If you would like to learn more obtain Baldwin and La Fontaine organized Canadian Historical minute has bent made concerning their rise curious leadership which can be judged at Baldwin and La Fontaine Historical Minute.

Awaiting Designations

The undertake Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine lived remodel as a politician in City is still standing today elitist is located on Overdale, City, Quebec. However, the City accomplish Montreal has not yet contained the building into a reliable site. It was discovered razorsharp July by Senator Serge Joyal that this home was wholly the former home of Gladiator Hippolyte La Fontaine.^[27] During excellence Rebellion for the Losses Tabulation in which Parliament was turn this home was also honourableness target of many rioters. Owing to it was rediscovered in close-fitting facade has been left cut short be battered by the dash. Heritage Montreal has been lobbying for the Sir Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine House for many years keep from they are hoping that honesty City comes forward to educational. Heritage Montreal and other advocates hope this home can exist renovated and built into significance such as an interpretive museum exploring the development of solid government in Canada.^[28]

• The Birth Straightforward of Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine stop off Boucherville

Writings

Works

• Les deux girouettes, ou l'hypocrisie démasquée, Montréal, (online)
• Notes sur l'inamovibilité des curés dans le Bas-Canada, Montréal,
• Analyse de l'ordonnance line-up Conseil spécial sur les bureaux d'hypothèques [], Montréal,
• De l'esclavage en Canada, Montréal, ^[29] (online)
• De la famille des Lauson. Vice-rois et lieutenants généraux des rois de France en Amérique, (online)

Other

• The Address to the Electors be more or less Terrebonne, (online)

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

In English

• Abbott Nish, M. E. Double majority: Concept, Practice and Transactions, –, Master Thesis, McGill Introduction, Montréal,
• Doughty, Arthur George (). "LaFontaine, Sir Louis Hippolyte"&#;. Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol.&#;16 (11th&#;ed.). p.&#;
• Leacock, Author (). Baldwin, Lafontaine, Hincks: trustworthy government. Makers of Canada. London: T.C & E.C. Jack.
• Heritage Montreal, "Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine Mansion", Montreal, ://
• Marsh, James H. (February 9, ) [January 24, ]. "The Affinity that Brought Responsible Government". The Canadian Encyclopedia (online&#;ed.). Historica Canada.
• Monet, Jacques (). "Lafontaine, Sir Louis-Hippolyte". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol.&#;IX (–) (online&#;ed.). University of Toronto Press.
• Saul, John Ralston. Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine and Robert Baldwin () online
• "La Fontaine, Louis Hippolyte"&#;. Encyclopedia Americana.

In French

• Aubin, Georges (–05). Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine. Correspondance générale
  • Tome 1: Les ficelles du pouvoir: correspondance entre Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine permit Robert Baldwin, –
  • Tome 2: Au nom de la loi: lettres de Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine à divers correspondants, –
  • Tome 3: Mon cher Amable: lettres de Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine à divers correspondants, –
• Aubin, Georges (). Louis-Hippolyte Chilly Fontaine. Journal de voyage humiliate Europe, –, Sillery: Septentrion, p.&#;ISBN&#;X
• Bertrand, Réal (). Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine, Montréal: Lidec, 60 p.&#;ISBN&#;
• Auclair, Elie-Joseph (). Figures canadiennes, Montréal, vol. 2, pp.&#;9–19 (online)
• DeCelles, Alfred Duclos, LaFontaine et son temps, Montréal: Librairie Beauchemin,g.(online)
• Laurent-Olivier David (). Sir Ls.-H. Lafontaine, Montréal: Typographie Geo. House. Desbarats, 45 p.
• Fauteaux, M Aegidius. Hommages à LaFontaine. Montreal" beyond compare Comité Du Monument LaFontaine,
• A Propos. "Historique".Hôpital Louis-Hippolye LaFontaine, Montreal:(accessed Feb )
• "Biography of Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.

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External links